Gómez-Pompa, A., Marín-Andrade, A.I., Campo-García, J., Domínguez-Landa, J.H., Cano-Asseleih, L.M., Segura-Juárez, L.M., Cuéllar-Martínez, M., Fernández-Sánchez, M.J., Sánchez-Sánchez, O., Lozoya, X. It can be propagated by cuttings, which yields faster results than multiplication by seeds. Research & Development Quality Biodiesel from Local Jatropha Seeds PNOC-AFC (supply of local jatropha seeds), Technological University of the Philippines (jatropha crude oil extraction) and Chemrez, Inc. (transesterification) Properties EN14214 ASTMD6751 JME Kinematic Viscosity at 40°C 3.5-5.0 1.9-6.0 4.35 Water and Sediment, %Vol 0.05 0.05 0.04 … 72 p. Osuna-Canizalez, F.J., Atkinson, C.J., Vázquez-Alvarado, J.M.P., Barrios-Gómez, E.J., Hernández-Arenas, M., Rangel-Estrada, S.E., Cruz-Cruz, E. 2015. It is resistant to a high degree of aridity and as such does not compete with food crops. Jatropha curcas jatropha curcas Subject Category: Organism Names see more details L. is among the plant-based fuel substitute considered to have a potential as biodiesel as well as for land rehabilitation. [57][58], Xuta, chuta, aishte or piñón manso (among others) are some of the names given in Mexico to edible non-toxic Jatropha curcas. Makkar, H.P.S., Francis, G., Becker, K. 2008. In the Gran Chaco of Paraguay, where a native variety (Jatropha matacensis) also grows, studies have shown the suitability of Jatropha cultivation[48][49] and agro producers are starting to consider planting in the region. [12], The seeds contain 27–40% oil[13] (average: 34.4%[14]) that can be processed to produce a high-quality biodiesel fuel, usable in a standard diesel engine. The railway line between Mumbai and Delhi is planted with jatropha and the train itself runs on 15–20% biodiesel. Ploughing and planting are not needed regularly, as this shrub has a life expectancy of approximately forty years. Vegetative propagation has been achieved by stem cuttings, grafting, budding as well as by air layering techniques. The plant, originating in Central America, is mainly grown in Asia and in Africa, where it is known as Pourghère. Transesterification of Oil Extract from Locally-Cultivated Jatropha curcas using a Heterogeneous Base Catalyst and Determination of its Properties as a Viable Biodiesel. The plant does need water to grow though, so coastal areas where desalinated seawater can be made available are ideal. How A Biofuel Dream Called Jatropha Came Crashing Down : The Salt People thought the hardy Jatropha tree was the answer to the food vs. fuel debate, until it wasn't. [31] In 2009 Time magazine cited the potential for as much as 1,600 gallons of diesel fuel per acre per year. More than 4,000 hectares of idle land was planted with the Jatropha curcas during the Arroyo administration. It takes approximately 10% of methyl alcohol by weight of the fatty substance to start the transesterification process. The subprogram on jatropha, which focused on the agriculture component of feedstock production, has project components namely (1) Germplasm management, varietal improvement and seed technology; (2) Development of component technologies for Jatropha in various production systems; (3) Development of farming systems models integrating Jatropha curcas in various production systems; (4) Development of postproduction machinery for Jatropha curcas; and (5) Process and equipment development for the production of esterified Jatropha curcas oil. (a literature review) Biomass and Bioenergy 32(12), 1063–1084. [59][9] It is grown in house gardens or other small areas. (2006 from MyawaddyTV), Z.G.S. While there were so many reported plantation developments undertaken by the private sectors, still the science-based information and technologies need to be completed and firmed up before jatropha can safely be recommended for massive domestication preferably in areas where food crops are not cultivated. DOI: 10.1080/10826060903558588. The reaction occurs by the presence of a catalyst, usually sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or caustic soda and potassium hydroxide (KOH), which forms fatty esters (e.g., methyl or ethyl esters), commonly known as biodiesel. A glabrous erect branched shrub of the EUPHORBIACEAE family, 2 to 5 meters high with stout, cylindrical green branches with viscid, milky or reddish … In 2008 researchers at Daimler Chrysler Research explored the use of jatropha oil for automotive use, concluding that although jatropha oil as fuel "has not yet reached optimal quality, ... it already fulfills the EU norm for biodiesel quality". Journal of Food Quality 35:152-158. Jatropha curcas is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, that is native to the American tropics, most likely Mexico and Central America. October 2006. Others call it tagumbao, tawa-tawa, kalunay, kasla and tangan-tangan. Lin, J., Zhou, X., Wang, J., Jiang, P., Tang, K. 2010. [47] This small tree is very resistant to aridity so it can be planted in hot and dry land in soil unsuitable for food production. The project is supported by DaimlerChrysler and by the German Association for Investment and Development (Deutschen Investitions- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft, DEG). J. curcas is a semi-evergreen shrub or small tree, reaching a height of 6 m (20 ft) or more. Cultivation is uncomplicated. [4] Common names in English include physic nut, Barbados nut, poison nut, bubble bush or purging nut. Seed yields under cultivation can range from 1,500 to 2,000 kilograms per hectare, corresponding to extractable oil yields of 540 to 680 litres per hectare (58 to 73 gallons per acre). [citation needed], Jatropha curcas can easily be propagated by both seed or cuttings. [39] To fulfil the yearly demand for aviation fuel, based on demand in 2008 (fuel use has since grown), an area of farmland twice the size of France would need to be planted with jatropha, based on average yields of mature plantations on reasonably good, irrigated land. Sy Piecco 3 1 Institute of Chemistry, 2Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 [5][6] It contains phorbol esters, which are considered toxic. Its fruiting capsules are usually dull yellow and glabrous. At the time of this test, jatropha oil was much cheaper than crude oil, costing an estimated $43 a barrel or about one-third of the June 4, 2008 closing price of $122.30 for a barrel of crude oil.[42]. [51], Jatropha oil is being promoted as an easily grown biofuel crop in hundreds of projects throughout India. Forestry Thesis "Vegetative propagation of Jatropha, Karanj and Mahua by Stem cuttings, Grafting, Budding and Air layering". The coagulant was prepared by dissolving Jatropha curcas seed and presscake powder into solution. • The poisonous property of J. curcas is mainly due to the presence of toxalbumin called curcin, ricin, and cyanic acid, related to ricinoleic acid. 2009. Philippines Charlie B. Batin Mariano Marcos State University Abstract. 2013. It belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. The process through which the glycerin is separated from the biodiesel is known as transesterification. Cuttings should be taken preferably from juvenile plants and treated with 200 micro gram per litre of IBA (rooting hormone) to ensure the highest level of rooting in stem cuttings. Heller, Joachim; 1996; Physic Nut, Jatropha curcas L. - Promoting the Conservation and Use of Underutilized and Neglected Crops, p.31; Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben; International Plant Genetic Resources Institute; Rome; Gadekar Kumarsukhadeo Prakash. Despite the military's efforts, the jatropha campaign apparently has largely flopped in its goal of making Burma self-sufficient in fuel. Learn more about the Philippine government, its structure, how government works and the people behind it. The seeds were cracked, the shells carefully removed and the kernels were used for oil extraction. ; 2017; The Effect of Fruit Maturity on the Physiological Quality and Conservation of Jatropha curcas Seeds; Revista Ciência Agronômica, v. 48, n. 3, p. 487-495; DOI: 10.5935/1806-6690.20170057; accessed at. The draught-resistant "dream" biofuel is also a water hog", http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1080/1091581070146, "Turkey Red Oil: Defoaming & wetting agent, manure, lubricant, emulsifier", "Turkey Red Oil - from CastorOil.in Castor Oil Dictionary - CastorOil.in", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jatropha_curcas&oldid=1001266907, Articles with dead external links from April 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014, Articles needing additional references from December 2016, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Industrial Crops and Products 42: 397-401. Jatropha is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae.The name is derived from the Greek words ἰατρός (iatros), meaning "physician", and τροφή (trophe), meaning "nutrition", hence the common name physic nut.Another common name is nettlespurge. Special Publication No. [35], In 2007 Goldman Sachs cited Jatropha curcas as one of the best candidates for future biodiesel production. If planted in hedges, the reported productivity of Jatropha is from 0.8 to 1.0 kg of seed per meter of live fence. [3] In parts of Africa and areas in Asia such as India it is often known as "castor oil plant" or "hedge castor oil plant",[3] but it is not the same as the usual castor oil plant, Ricinus communis (they are in the same family but different subfamilies). Solsoloy et al. A hectare of jatropha has been claimed to produce 1,892 litres of fuel. In, Igbinosa OO, Igbinosa EO and Aiyegoro OA (2009) Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of stem bark extracts from, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "JATROPHA IN AFRICA. Evaluation of the nutritional quality of non-toxic kernel flour from Jatropha curcas L. in rats. Brittaine, R. and Lutaladio, N. 2010. It also determined the efficiency of the enhanced high frequency light trap in controlling insect pests of rice. [38] Three Mercedes cars powered by Jatropha diesel have already put some 30,000 kilometres behind them. Oil content varies from 28% to 30% and 80% extraction, one hectare of plantation will give 400 to 600 litres of oil if the soil is average. Bayer CropScience Press Release, June 18, 2008. [21], propagation of Jatropha curcas by stem cutting, propagation of Jatropha curcas by grafting, propagation of Jatropha curcas by Air layering. Studies on nutritive potential and toxic constituents of different provenances of Jatropha curcas. The Tuba-tuba Plant ( Jatropha curcas) Also known as Tubang Bakod in Tagalog, Physic Nut in English or interchangeably tuba-tuba or Jatropha. [62] The process for analysis of phorbol ester contents in J. curcas is done through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).[63]. [16], Estimates of Jatropha seed yield vary widely, due to a lack of research data, the genetic diversity of the crop, the range of environments in which it is grown, and Jatropha's perennial life cycle. ", "Mali's Farmers Discover a Weed's Potential Power", Biofuel jatropha falls from wonder-crop pedestal, Biofuel 'wonder-crop' jatropha failing to deliver, "UK firm's failed biofuel dream wrecks lives of Tanzania villagers", "Biodiesel wonder plant could spell doom for Kenya". At the end of the process, the glycerin settles and the biofuel floats. [50] In Africa, cultivation of jatropha is being promoted and it is grown successfully in countries such as Mali. Martínez-Herrera, J., Jiménez-Martínez, C., Martínez Ayala, A., Garduño-Siciliano, L., Mora-Escobedo, R., Dávila-Ortiz, G., Chamorro-Cevallos, G., Makkar, H.P.S., Francis, G., Becker, K. 2012. Campo Experimental Zacatepec, Mexico. And whether of jatropha is jatropha seeds. [59] Although it is known as a toxic plant due to the presence of diterpenes named phorbol esters,[60] the existence of edible non-toxic J. curcas without phorbol esters content has been demonstrated. [citation needed], When jatropha seeds are crushed, the resulting jatropha oil can be processed to produce a high-quality biofuel or biodiesel that can be used in a standard diesel car or further processed into jet fuel, while the residue (press cake) can also be used as biomass feedstock to power electricity plants, used as fertilizer (it contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium). [28] Cuttings strike root easily stuck in the ground without use of hormones. Studies on the control of snail vectors of fascioliasis: Molluscicidal activity of some indigenous … The flowers only develop terminally (at the end of a stem), so a good ramification (plants presenting many branches) produces the greatest amount of fruits. Complete germination is achieved within 9 days. Martin and Mayeux (1984) identified the Ceara state in Brazil as a centre of origin but without giving any arguments. Biotic Factors Agriculture Handbook No. On 15 December 2005, then-head of state, Senior General Than Shwe, said “the States and Divisions concerned are to put 50,000 acres (200 km²) under the physic nut plants [Jatropha] each within three years totalling 700,000 acres (2,800 km²) during the period”. Seed extraction and processing generally needs specialized facilities. Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 40 (2): 107-118. Major concerns included its invasiveness, which could disrupt local biodiversity, as well as damage to water catchment areas. Agaceta, L.M., Dumag, P.U., and Batolos, J.A. [40], On December 30, 2008, Air New Zealand flew the first successful test flight from Auckland with a Boeing 747 running one of its four Rolls-Royce engines on a 50:50 blend of jatropha oil and jet A-1 fuel. [citation needed], Currently the oil from Jatropha curcas seeds is used for making biodiesel fuel in Philippines, Pakistan and in Brazil, where it grows naturally and in plantations in the southeast, north, and northeast of Brazil. Friends of the Earth kicks against Jatropha production in Africa, "All Washed Up for Jatropha? [18] Jatropha curcas thrives on a mere 250 mm (10 in) of rain a year, and only during its first two years does it need to be watered in the closing days of the dry season. It is known locally as tuba-tuba. The Philippine government gives high priority on Jatropha curcas as feedstock for biodiesel as compared to other locally produced biodiesel sources. Edible (non-toxic) provenances can be used for animal feed and food.[15][8]. While Jatropha curcas starts yielding from 9–12 months time, the best yields are obtained only after 2–3 years time. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. 165 lists the following as affecting Jatropha curcas: Clitocybe tabescens (root rot), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (leaf spot), and Phakopsora jatrophicola (rust). The Jatropha seed was found to be an effective coagulant with more than 96% of turbidity removal at pH 1–3 and pH 11–12. Other government officials declared Burma would soon start exporting jatropha oil. [8][9] J. curcas also contains compounds such as trypsin inhibitors, phytate, saponins and a type of lectin[10][11] known as curcin. Although all parts are poisonous, the seeds have the highest concentration of ricin. [39][41] In the same press release, Air New Zealand announced plans to use the new fuel for 10% of its needs by 2013. All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated. Jatropha curcasL. Journal of Science of Food and Agriculture 88: 1542-1548. Achten WMJ, Mathijs E, Verchot L, Singh VP, Aerts R. Achten WMJ, Verchot L, Franken YJ, Mathijs E, Singh VP, Aerts R, Muys B 2008. (20 July 2007 from New Light of Myanmar), As of 2011 scepticism about the "miracle" properties of Jatropha has been voiced. To date, 25 jatropha genotypes, from the germplasm collection nationwide, were initially selected and established at the UPLB Central Experiment Station for varietal improvement activities. October 2007 And Volume, Issue 2. Glycerin is another by-product from Jatropha oil processing that can add value to the crop. Universidad Veracruzana, México. State of the art on science and technology for production and processing of non-toxic Jatropha. [29], The oily seeds are processed into oil, which may be used directly ("Straight Vegetable Oil") to fuel combustion engines or may be subjected to transesterification to produce biodiesel. Among the Bicolanos, it is called tuba and tuba-tuba; in Pangasinan and Nueva Ecija, it is called tagumbao; tawa-tawa in Ilocos and kalunay in Cagayan Valley. Related posts: JATROPHA CURCAS JATROPHA CURCAS signs and symptoms of the homeopathy remedy from the Text Book of Materia Medica and Therapeutics of Rare Homeopathic Remedies by Oscar Hansen. In fact, jatropha requires five times more water per unit of energy than sugarcane and corn. Moreover, appropriate pest and disease management schemes must be ensured in the likelihood of pest & disease incidence as an offshoot of massive plantation development. Hence, a subprogram under the National Biofuels (research and development) R&D Program on Jatropha for biodiesel production was initiated by PCARRD. Modern Uses and Possible Future Uses (after Pandey et al., 2012, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 : 2870–2883). MANILA, Philippines - The Department of Energy is claiming the Arroyo administration wasted P1 billion on a project to cultivate the jatropha plant, which was hailed as a future source of fuel. Philippines labels indicate that the plant(not which part) is used as a pain reliever and forfractures. 45: 3152-3157. In reading over the extensive literature on jatropha it has been very obvious that too often FIGHTING THE DESERT & CREATING WEALTH", "New Agriculturist: Focus on... Jatropha: creating desert solutions", Jatropha: An Alternative Substitute to Fossil Fuel, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, "Sequence Analysis of the Genome of an Oil-Bearing Tree, Jatropha curcas L", http://www.agricultureinformation.com/forums/sale/19166-jatropha-curcas-seeds-seedlings-sale.html, https://www.frim.gov.my/v1/JTFSOnline/jtfs/v25n2/193-199.pdf, http://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?ID=12945&Num=gxM, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281863148_Seed_Characteristics_and_Storage_Behavior_of_Physic_Nut_Jatropha_curcas_L, http://www.redalyc.org/html/1953/195350460012/, http://www.bioversityinternational.org/uploads/tx_news/Physic_nut__Jatropha_curcas_L._161.pdf, Poison plant could help to cure the planet, "Research needed to cut risks to biofuel farmers", "Biofuel: The little shrub that could - maybe", "Jatropha For Biodiesel Figures - REUK.co.uk", "Jatropha Plant Gains Steam In Global Race for Biofuels", Jatropha - This particular oil well holds a lot of future promise, "Air New Zealand Flies on Engine With Jatropha Biofuel Blend", Air New Zealand jatropha flight, update 4, "NZ Airline Flies Jetliner Partly Run on Veggie Oil", Mexico hosts successful biofuels test flight, "Air China conducts first biofuel test flight-Sci-Tech-chinadaily.com.cn", "SpiceJet flies India's first biofuel flight, from Dehradun to Delhi", "Carbon farming in hot, dry coastal areas: an option for climate change mitigation", "Could planting trees in the desert mitigate climate change? This could create competition for water between the jatropha and other edible food crops. There are fewer planes than cars or trucks and far fewer jet fueling stations to convert than gas stations. The University of the Philippines Los Baños, DOST, PNOC-AFC, and PCARRD Research, Development, and Extension Team hopes to deliver the culture and management of jatropha as feedstock for biodiesel production under Philippine setting within the next three years. of the Cotton Research Center- Cotton Development Authority [Philippines] evaluated the effectiveness of a package of technology using Jatropha curcas L. biopesticide against golden snail. There are 35 of jatropha suppliers, mainly located in Asia. Jatropha curcas L. is found throughout the Philippines. April 8, 2011. The fats and oils are turned into esters while separating the glycerin. et al. Botanist Carl Von Linne first classified the plant in 1753 and named it Jatropha curcas. JATROPHA OIL PRODUCTION FOR BIODIESEL AND OTHER PRODUCTS Page 3 Preface This report examines the potential for establishment and management on a large-scale of the oil-seed producing plant jatropha (Jatropha curcas), primarily for production of biodiesel. With the increasing interest in biofuels, it is now considered as one of the promising sources of biofuel and has proved to be a viable feedstock because of the 30% oil composition of its nut, which can be easily ―Jatropha curcashas recently caught wide attention as abiofuel plant. The top supplying country or region is Philippines, which supply 100% of of jatropha respectively. (2005 from MRTV), In 2006, the chief research officer at state-run Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise said Burma hoped to completely replace the country's oil imports of 40,000 barrels a day with home-brewed, jatropha-derived biofuel. Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación. Little, Woodbury, and Wadsworth, 1974. Find out the indications for the use of homeopathy medicine JATROPHA CURCAS ..... JATROPHA CURCAS Homeopathy medicine Jatropha Curcas … [21] Some people recommend propagation by seed for establishment of long-lived plantations. It is a multipurpose bush or low-growing tree, native to tropical America that can be used as a hedge, to reclaim land and as a commercial crop ( Carriquiry et al., 2010 ; Azam et al., 2005 ; Openshaw, 2000 ). is a perennial shrub in the Euphorbiaceae family that produces oil that can be used as a substitute for diesel. Makkar, H.P.S., Becker, K., Sporer, F., Wink, M. 1997. Levingston and Zamora (cited by IPGRI), in "Assessment of the potential of Jatropha curcas, (biodiesel tree) for energy production and other uses in developing countries." 60: 100 pp. [36] However, despite its abundance and use as an oil and reclamation plant, none of the Jatropha species has been properly domesticated and, as a result, its productivity is variable, and the long-term impact of its large-scale use on soil quality and the environment is unknown.[37]. Introduction. Adding manure during the germination has negative effects during that phase, but is favorable if applied after germination is achieved. Drink at least, 2 times daily for 9-12 days and bid farewell or bid good riddance to bad hepatitis B. It also cures E.coli. Transesterification is a simple chemical reaction that neutralizes the free fatty acids present in any fatty substances in Jatropha. The latest craze to hit the agri-business in the Philippines. The potential of Jatropha as phytoremediator in mine tailings is … For further inquiries, please contact: Dr. Virgilio T. Villancio Integrated R&D Program on Jatropha curcas L. for Biodiesel Agricultural Systems Cluster, College of Agriculture University of the Philippines Los Banos, College, Laguna Telefax no. Erin Voegele for Biodiesels Magazine. Bioenergy has started Jatropha Plantation Projects in Northern Shan State, the company has begun planting Jatropha plants during late June 2007 and will start producing seeds by 2010. Watch how jaggery is made on YouTube) and natural honey and mix. On the occasion of Burma’s Peasant Day 2006, Than Shwe described in his a message that “For energy sector which is an essential role in transforming industrial agriculture system, the Government is encouraging for cultivation of physic nut plants nationwide and the technical know how that can refine physic nuts to biodiesel has also identified.” He would like to urge peasants to cultivate physic nut plants on a commercial scale with major aims for emergence of industrial agriculture system, for fulfilling rural electricity supply and energy needs, for supporting rural areas development and import substitute [23] The seeds exhibit orthodox storage behaviour and under normal treatment and storage will maintain viability at high percentages for eight months to a year. It is used in rural Bengal for dhobi itch (a common fungal infection of the skin). The activity aimed to produce good quality planting materials and maintain a collection of local germplasm in the plantation. References. As well as from organic, common. [56], Jatropha curcas is lauded as being sustainable, and that its production would not compete with food production, but the jatropha plant needs water like every other crop to grow. Most Jatropha spp. The cake can also be used as feed in digesters and gasifiers to produce biogas. [32] The plant may yield more than four times as much fuel per hectare as soybean, and more than ten times that of maize (corn), but at the same time it requires five times as much water per unit of energy produced as does corn (see below). The kernels are roasted and eaten as a snack or roasted and ground to prepare different dishes, such as tamales, soups and sauces like “pipian”.
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