2007; 23, sequencing strategies for rapid molecular resource development from an invasive aphid species, Aphis. Development of an appropriate set of markers is often the first step in population genetic, and evolutionary studies. Prior to this I had a lengthy exchange with Steve Falk in which I argued that there was very little evidence for a migration. This method has been used in population structure analyses in many, ]. Certain species, such as Lampetia equestris or Eumerus tuberculatus, are responsible for pollination. 2011; 147(5):1171â85. A mass migration of Episyrphus balteatus and Eupeodes corollae arriving in the south-, Bolger AM, Lohse M, Usadel B. Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. The hoverfly, Eupeodes corollae, is a worldwide natural enemy of aphids and a plant pollinator. Molecular Ecology Resources. reveal a weak population differentiation in the. We sequenced the OFM genome using next-generation sequencing and characterized the microsatellite distribution. The hoverfly, Eupeodes corollae, is a worldwide natural enemy of aphids and a plant pollinator. 2000; 155(2):945â59. In our study, the 24 microsatellites developed are highly efficient in terms of amplifica-, ) while STRUCTURE analysis showed an optimal value of, ). (10) fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea; migration and warning coloration. In this study, a total of 14 species belonging to three orders and three families of natural enemies associated with D. opuntiae were identified: Episyrphus balteatus de Geer, Eupeodes corollae Fabricius (Diptera: Syrphidae), Hyperaspis campestris (Herbst, 1783), Scymnus interruptus (Goeze). A puparium has been found under the bark of Spruce. [19] Another plant, the slipper orchid in southwest China, also achieves pollination by deceit by exploiting the innate yellow color preference of syrphids. [2] Some species are found in more unusual locations; for example, members of the genus Volucella can be found in bumblebee nests, while members of Microdon are myrmecophiles, found in ant or termite nests. The hoverfly species with highest relative abundances (RA) were Eupeodes corollae (43%), Eristalis arbustorum (18.8%), Eristalis tenax (7.6%) and Chrysotoxum intermedium (5.6%). The observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.5252 to 0.5367 and 0.5934 to 0.6148, respectively. 2016; 17(3):362. pholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and effects of null alleles on population genetics analyses. In total, 155,789 microsatellites were identified from the, The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemipeta: Pseudoccoccidae), is an aggressively invasive pest causing huge economic losses of crops around the world. Zool. Conservation Genetics Resources. balteatus and S phaerophoria scripta). 1, January 2008_____ some may feed on fungi in the decaying tissues). The quintessential yellow and black striped hoverflies, Syrphus species are a common site in any park or garden. Hoverflies are common throughout the world and can be found on all continents except Antarctica. [1][4] Predatory species are beneficial to farmers and gardeners, as aphids destroy crops, and hoverfly maggots are often used in biological control. fragmentsâan efficient and cost-effective approach to genotyping by fluorescence. Monitoring the status of pesticides resistance of invertebrate (insect and mite) pests in the field; Eupeodes nitens NS Associated with ancient woodlands where they … [8], Hoverflies are a cosmopolitan family found in most biomes, except extreme deserts, tundra at extremely high latitudes, and Antarctica. genomic sequences, of which, 64.02% were loci of dinucleotide repeat. Distribution: This is a very widespread and common species. Their facial cuticle often has prominent bulges and/or beak- to knob-like projections (most bee flies have an evenly curved or sloping face). The wings are often clear or have smooth gradients of tinting, and their veins merge posteriorly into a "false edge" that runs parallel to the wing's true rear edge and extends along half or more of the wing length (bombyliid wings lack a "false rear edge" and often have large dark areas with sharp boundaries, or complex patterns of spots). Entomophaga. Understanding the mode of action of novel pesticides to invertebrate pests; None of the loci were in linkage disequilib-, analysis showed no significant differentiation between each pair of populations. We thank Prof. Ary Hoffmann from The University of Melbourne for his revisions and sug-, gestions on the manuscript, Xu-Bo Wang and Hua-Yan Chen for their help on the collection. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 13 with an average of 8.75; the observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.235 to 0.768 and from 0.333 to 0.785, respectively. PMID: TURE output and implementing the Evanno method. The funders, had no role in study design, data collection and, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the, design strategy of âAâ was used to avoid primer secondary structure and repeats; (iii) the mini-, bp; (iv) the annealing temperature for each primer pairs was set between 58ËC and 62ËC to, avoid large differences among primers; (v) the estimated PCR product size of the primer pairs, After screening primers from the QDD program, a universal primer (CAGGACCAGGCTAC, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215888.t001, populations using BAPS (a) and STRUCTURE (b). Episyrphus balteatus, Melanostoma mellinum, Eupeodes corollae, Sphaerophoria scripta and Platycheirus spp. Molecular ecology. Lack of genetic differentiation between, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072997, Odermatt J, Frommen JG, Menz MH. The oriental fruit moth (OFM) Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is an important economic pest of stone and pome fruits worldwide. (2004) "Hoverflies of Northwest Europe, Identification Keys to the Syrphidae". To provide insights into the biology of this species, we examined its population genetic structure by obtaining 1.15-GB random genomic sequences using next-generation sequencing and developing genome-wide microsatellite markers. BioTechniques. Twenty-seven polymorphic microsatellites, including 24 loci with trinucleotide repeat and three with pentanucleotide repeat, were validated in 95 individuals from four natural populations. dent hoverflies. in marshy places and damp meadows. Universal primers for fluorescent labelling of PCR, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03104.x. The outputs of primer pairs from QDD were further filtered by the, ]: (i) the corresponding microsatellites were pure and specific; (ii) the, end of a primer and its target region should be longer than 10, end of each selected forward primer to allow efficient combining, (a) and population genetic structure analysis of four geographical, l of Master Mix (Promega, Madison, WI, USA), 3.94. l universal primer labeled with fluorescence (FAM, ] was used to test the likelihood of deviation from Hardy-Wein-, ]. Furthermore, the observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.000 to 0.677 and 0.062 to 0.771, respectively. Genotyping, was conducted by GENEMAPPER 4.0 (Applied Biosystems, USA). (7) two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae; [13] Bees are thought to be able to carry a greater volume of pollen on their bodies, but flies may be able to compensate for this by making a greater number of flower visits. Industrial Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China, Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China. PLoS ONE. A total of eight individuals from field collections were used for, of selected primers. The results indicate numerous shared COI haplotypes among different Sphaerophoria species, thus disqualifying this marker from being an adequate barcod-ing region in this genus. The null allele influenced estimations of genetic diversity parameters but not the OFM's genetic structure. Our study provides empirical research on the effects of null alleles on population genetics analyses. These microsatellites were used to examine the population genetic, structure of 96 individuals from four field populations collected across southern to northern, China. Although the genus is distinctive, identification to species level can be tricky and may require close examination of the abdominal markings in [1] Adults feed mainly on nectar and pollen. The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis, invaded China in the last 13 years and has rapidly become one of the most serious pests in the country. With the development of next-generation sequencing, , and help to understand adaptive evolution in this species, across China suggested weak but geographically. This page was last edited on 25 January 2021, at 05:29. 2. Although hoverfly communities are known to be more species‐rich on organic farms (Power, ... (Melanostoma mellinum, Eupeodes corollae Fabricius, and Episyrphus balteatus … Hoverfly (Eupeodes corollae) Hoverflies are important pollinators of flowering plants in many ecosystems worldwide. Allele numbers varied from 2 to 5 with an average value of 2.5 per locus, and allelic richness ranged from 1.00 to 4.48. In total 79,138 microsatellite loci were isolated from the randomly sequenced genome, nucleotide repeat (TNR) sites, 30988 (39.16%) tetranucleotide repeat (TTNR) sites, 6635, (8.38%) pentanucleotide repeats (PNR) sites and 7294 (9.22%) hexanucleotide repeat (HNR), sites. contrasted overwintering strategies of a major pest predator Episyrphus balteatus (Diptera: Syrphidae): implications for biocontrol. This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet. By contrast, Rhingia campestris, whose larvae use cow dung, and Episyrphus balteatus De Greer, Eupeodes corollae Fabricius, Sphaerophoria species, Melanostoma mellinum L., and Platycheirus clypeatus Meigen, all of which have aphidophagous larvae, have higher values on axis 1, suggesting a higher … [1] Others can be found in decomposing vegetation. Hoverflies are important pollinators of flowering plants in many ecosystems worldwide. Another study of two hoverfly species (, ) in Europe using 12 species-specific microsatellite markers. In this study, we developed genome-wide microsatellites for population genetic analysis of P. solenopsis. In total, 56,674 microsatellites were identified, with 11,584 loci suitable for primer design. 437.63 KB, with an N50 of 1510 bp. The genome size of P. solenopsis was esti-. Oecologia. 2012; significant genetic mixing: the case of two agriculturally important, continental hoverflies (E pisyrphus. It has been demonstrated that some species in Europe, e.g., Episyrphus balteatus, Eupeodes corollae and Eristalis tenax, can fly for very long distances, following the same routes year after year (Aubert and Goeldlin … In this study, we developed novel microsatellite markers for Thrips palmi. (9) mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis; Both the absence of isolation by distance and the fact that distant populations were similar genetically suggest patterns of WFT movement linked to human activities. (73% of the total sample) and Eupeodes corollae (F.) (14%), whilst the amount of specimens belonging to other species was by far smaller. Both a STRUCTURE analysis and a discriminant analysis of principal components, using the three marker panels, divided the four natural populations into three groups. The average allelic richness and haplotype diversity in Chinese populations was significantly lower than in a population from its native range. Evolutionary applications. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. [13] Syrphid flies are frequent flower visitors to a wide range of wild plants, as well as agricultural crops, and are often considered the second-most important group of pollinators after wild bees. 2006; 9(5):615â29. 276 _____Mun. The hoverfly, Eupeodes corollae, is a worldwide natural enemy of aphids and a plant pollinator. An example of a well-known hoverfly maggot is the rat-tailed maggot, of the drone fly, Eristalis tenax. [12] Adults are often found near flowers, their principal food source being nectar and pollen. Therefore, we assessed five European S. scripta populations by combining molecular (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I-COI, internal transcribed spacer 2-ITS2, and allozyme loci) and morphological (wing size and shape) characters. 2013; 104(1):154â7. 1989; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb04220.x, A. Estimating genetic and phenotypic diversity in a, Verhoeven KJ, Macel M, Wolfe LM, Biere A. ]. Biology & ecology: The larva is a filter-feeder of microbes in water-filled rot-holes of Beech Fagus and Birch Betula and probably other tree species. Historical invasion scenarios based on observational records are usually incomplete and biased, but these can be supplemented by population genetic data. Final extension was with 72ËC, for 15 min. specific amplifications. Callicera aurata (Rossi, 1790) Nomenclature: Callicera aenea (Fabricius, 1777) in Coe (1953), Kloet & Hincks (1976) and Stubbs & Falk (1983) see Speight (1991).. The species can be variable in terms of both size and colour with a wing length usually between 6.5 and 10 mm. To provide insights into the biology of this species, we examined its population genetic structure by obtaining 1.15-GB random genomic sequences using next-generation sequencing and developing genome-wide microsatellite markers. In general the traditional migrants such as Episyrphus balteatus , Eupeodes corollae and Scaeva pyrastri have been very scarce compared to previous years, so it is not a year that is obviously suited … S1 Table. Like many pollinator groups, syrphid flies range from species that take a generalist approach to foraging by visiting a wide range of plant species through those that specialize in a narrow range of plants. of specimens, Yan-Jie Lv for her help on the molecular works. We sequenced the OFM genome using next-generation sequencing and characterized the microsatellite distribution. Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers of Obolodiplosis robiniae. Animal Behaviour. We used this novel set of microsatellite markers to investigate the, populations collected from four representative regions, was used for generating genome sequences. Most species are essentially medium sized black flies, meaning that small differences in morphology, hairiness and colouration of body parts such as antennae and legs are crucial in reaching an Adults are rarely … [17] Many syrphid fly species have short, unspecialized mouth parts and tend to feed on flowers that are more open as the nectar and pollen can be easily accessed. Two hoverfly species in Switzerland are being investigated as potential biological control agents of hawkweeds in New Zealand. About 6,000 species and 200 genera are in the family.[11]. Understanding genetic diversity, population genetic structure, and adaptation of insects. Eupeodes corollae (female). 2014; 64(6):482â92. Biology & ecology: Although little is known of adult requirements, an association with coniferous woodland is suspected. [5][7], The oldest known fossils of crown group Syrphidae are from the Eocene aged Florissant Formation, Green River Formation and Baltic amber. A total of 51.53 Gb paired-end, with 5000 (6.32%) dinucleotide repeat (DNR) sites, 29221 (36.92%) tri-, ], which shows the distribution of micro-, ; six pairs with no polymorphism (S12, S15, S30, S32, S34, S40), 75%) were discarded. The prepared library was, sequenced on an Illumina Hiseq4000 Sequencer using the Hiseq Reagent Kit v3 (Illumina, San, Diego, CA, USA) by Beijing BerryGenomics Co., Ltd. Syrphids are excellent fliers, and as their European name clearly implies, exhibit an outstanding ability to hover. west and remarks on other migrant hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Ireland. tance migration. CLUMPP: a cluster matching and permutation program for dealing with, https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm233, Rosenberg NA. 2013; 22(21):5329â39. These microsatellites were used to examine the population genetic structure of 96 individuals from four field populations collected across southern to northern China. Molecular Ecology Resources. A total of 79,138 microsatellite loci were initially isolated from the genomic sequences; after strict selection and further testing of 40 primer pairs in eight individuals, 24 polymorphic microsatellites with high amplification rates were developed. specific microsatellite markers by genomic sequencing. S2 Table. We also investigated whether there were consistent behavioural differences between migratory and resident flies within species. Eupeodes species C is now regarded as a dark variant of E. luniger. 3, No. Eupeodes luniger. Mâles et femelles ont des marques différentes sur l'abdomen, les mâles ont 3 ou 4 larges virgules sur les tergites tandis que les femelles ont des virgules étroites.
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